São Joaquim National Park is one of Brazil’s most important conservation areas, located in the Serra Catarinense region, in the state of Santa Catarina. The park protects unique Atlantic Forest ecosystems, high-altitude grasslands, Araucaria forests, and rare wildlife. It is also a top destination for eco-tourism, scenic drives, and adventure travel.
 |
| Sao Joaquim National Park |
Overview of São Joaquim National Park
- Location: Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Established: July 6, 1961
- Area: 49,300 hectares (121,800 acres)
- Altitude Range: 300 to 1,822 meters (984 to 5,978 feet)
- Biome: Atlantic Forest, Araucaria forest, and alpine grasslands
Why São Joaquim National Park Is Important
The park plays a crucial role in protecting the Atlantic Forest biome, one of the most threatened ecosystems in the world. It shelters endangered species, preserves water sources, and protects unique geological formations like Pedra Furada. The park also contributes to climate regulation and biodiversity conservation in southern Brazil.
Main Attractions in São Joaquim National Park
- Pedra Furada – A natural rock arch shaped by wind and erosion, visible from the top of Morro da Igreja.
- Morro da Igreja – The highest point in southern Brazil (1,822 meters), offering panoramic views and a glimpse of Pedra Furada.
- Serra do Rio do Rastro – A nearby scenic mountain road with over 250 curves and breathtaking cliffs.
- Araucaria Forests – Ancient forests with iconic Araucaria (Brazilian pine), a species endangered due to deforestation.
- Waterfalls and Canyons – The park contains several waterfalls, deep valleys, and rugged terrain perfect for exploration.
Biodiversity of São Joaquim National Park
The park hosts a wide variety of species, including:
- Fauna: Maned wolf, puma, howler monkeys, ocelots, and over 200 bird species like the vinaceous-breasted amazon and the purple-crowned plovercrest.
- Flora: Araucaria trees, high-altitude grasslands, orchids, bromeliads, and endemic plants adapted to the cold mountain climate.
Climate and Weather
São Joaquim National Park has a temperate mountain climate with cold winters and mild summers. Temperatures can drop below freezing between June and August, sometimes bringing snow—the rarest phenomenon in Brazil. Summers are mild, perfect for hiking and exploring.
How to Visit São Joaquim National Park
The main access point is through Morro da Igreja, which requires a free visitor permit issued by ICMBio (the Brazilian environmental agency). Permits can be obtained online or in person at ICMBio's office in Urubici. The park does not have an extensive visitor center but offers viewpoints, hiking trails, and guided tours with local operators.
Best Time to Visit
- Summer (December to March): Best for hiking, waterfalls, and clear views.
- Winter (June to August): Best chance to see snow and experience the coldest temperatures in Brazil.
- Spring and Fall: Pleasant weather, fewer tourists, and blooming flora.
Conservation Challenges
Despite its protected status, São Joaquim National Park faces threats such as illegal logging, cattle grazing, and tourism pressure. Conservation efforts include habitat restoration, wildlife monitoring, and environmental education for local communities.
Map of São Joaquim National Park
Frequently Asked Questions About São Joaquim National Park
Do I need a permit to visit Morro da Igreja?
Yes, a free permit from ICMBio is required. It can be requested online or at the ICMBio office in Urubici.
Can I camp inside the park?
No, camping is not allowed inside the park boundaries, but there are several lodges and campsites in nearby towns like Urubici and Bom Jardim da Serra.
Is São Joaquim National Park suitable for children?
Yes, many viewpoints and short trails are accessible for families with children, but some areas require good physical condition.
Is it possible to see snow every winter?
No, snow is not guaranteed every winter, but cold fronts between June and August sometimes bring snow to Morro da Igreja and surrounding areas.
Conclusion
São Joaquim National Park is an essential destination for nature lovers, adventure seekers, and those interested in Brazil’s unique mountain ecosystems. From stunning landscapes to rare wildlife and cultural heritage, it offers a truly unforgettable experience in southern Brazil.